A brief study on the Pandiyas (Paandiyar) of the "early" Period of Tamil Nadu

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Virarajendra

A brief study on the Paandiyas (Paandiyar) of the Pre-Medieval Period (A.D.467-966) Tamil Nadu

Under construction

Period of Kalabhra interegnum - (A.D.467-506)

(1) Achchutha Vikkranthakan - (A.D.467-506)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City -
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -

Moorthi Naayanaar - (A.D.506-510)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City

The last Kalabhra king died around A.D.506 with no son to be his legitimate successor at Mathurai. Thereafter the Ministers of this Kalabhra king jointly broughtforth the successor select garlanded from the public by the royal elephant - a rich merchant from Mathurai of high virtues and a great devoted Saiviite as the next king on the original Paandiyan throne at Mathurai. He ruled for few years from Mathurai with the guidance of the Kalabhra Ministers. During this period a Prince of the 'original Paandiyan line' living in hiding was too young at the time the last Kalabhra king demised, and spent his time untill he reached the suitable age to shoulder the kingdom of the Paandiyas.

In the year A.D.575 he cameout out from his hiding and proclaimed himself as the next Paandiya king the Kadungkon and began his rule at Mathurai while the Saivite merchant already on throne gave in to him. This Saivite merchant later became a devout worshipper of God Siva later became a Tamil Saivite Saint Moorththy Naayanaar by name and counted among the 63 - Tamil Saiva Saints of Tamil Nadu.

Evidence to the above

".....சிந்தைச் சிவமே தெளியும் திரு மூர்த்தியார் தாம்
முந்தைச் செயலாம் அமண் போய் முதல் சைவம் ஓங்கில்
இந்தப் புவி தாங்கி ....."

".....கல்வி யோரும்
வன் திண் மதி நூல் வளர் வாய்மை அமைச்சர் தாமும்
நன்றிங்கு அருள் தான் என நற்தவ வேந்தர் சிந்தை
ஒன்றும் அரசாள் உரிமைச் செயலான உய்த்தார்......"

"......குலவுந் துறை நீதி அமைச்சர் குறிப்பின் வைகக்
கலகம் செய் அமண் செயல் ஆயின கட்டு நீங்கி
நிலவும் திரு நீற்று நெறித் துறை நீடு வாழ
உலகெங்கும் நிரம்பிய சைவம் உயர்ந்து மன்ன
நுதலின் கண் விழித்தவர் வாய்மை நுணங்கு நூலின்
பதம் எங்கும் நிறைந்து......"

"......முதன் மும்மையினால் உலகு ஆண்டனர் மூர்த்தியார்"
"......ஞாலந் தனி நேமி நடாத்தி
நலம் கொள் ஊழிக் காலம் உயிர்கட்கு இடர் ஆன கடிந்து காத்து
பாதம் பர மன்னவர் சூழ்ந்து பணிந்து போற்ற
ஏதம் பிணியா வகை இவ் உலகு ஆண்டு
நாதன் கழல் சேவடி நண்ணினர் அண்ணலாரே......"

Periyapuraanam - by Seikeelaar, Moorthy Naayanaar kandam


Period of Paandiyar (A.D.510-966)

"......padu kadan mulaiththa paruthi poat Paandiyaathi-rasan velippattu......odunga Mannar oli nagar aliththa Kadungkon ennum kathir vet Thennan....." - Velvikkudi Cheppedukal.

(1) Kadungkon Paandiyan (A.D.510-535)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai

(2) Maravarman Avani Chulaamani (A.D.535-560) - Son of (1)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai

(3) Cheliyan Senthan (A.D.585-610) - Son of (2)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to -
Over Seas Political Relations with -

(4) Maravarman Arikesari Seer Nedumaran (A.D.610-635) - Son of (3)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with - Defeated invading Cheras with the assistance of Cholas
Mainland Political Relations with - Married Chola Princess Mangaiyarkkarasi (Mangaiyarkkarasi Valavankon Paavai - Thirugnanasampanthar Thevarem

(5) Kochchadaiyan Ranatheeran (A.D.635-660) - Son of (4)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with - War expeditions on Chola, Chera, Kongu Nadu, Aye king of Thiruvananthapuram. Defeated and sent back the invading Chalukiya Vikkramathiththan.
Mainland Political Relations with -

(6) Maravarman Arikesari Parangkusan (Rajasimhan - 1) (A.D.660-685) - Son of (5)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with - Defeated and sent back the invading Nanthivarman - 2. Captured part of Kongu Nadu and defeated the Gangas south Karnataka. Defeated the invading Chalukiyas in North Chola country.
Mainland Political Relations with - Married the Ganga princess Poosunthari.

(7) Paranthahan Nedunchadaiyan (A.D.685-710) Son of (6)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to -
Over Seas Political Relations with -

(8) Rajasimhan -2 (A.D.710-735) Son of (7)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai

(9) Varaguna Paandiyan - 1 (A.D.735-778) - Son of (8)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City -
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to -
Over Seas Political Relations with -

(10) Sri Maaran Sri Vallaban (A.D.778-805) Son of - (9)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City -
Mainland War Expeditions with - He defeated Gangas of south Karnataka at Kunnoor in the present Neelagiri hills, Cheras at Vilignam south-east of present Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to - He sent his forces to Sri Lanka and defeated king Sena at Anuradhapura but re-instated him on his throne on king Sena became submissive and agreed to pay tributes.
Over Seas Political Relations with -

(11) Varaguna Paandiyan - 2 (A.D.805-830) - Son of (10)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City -
Mainland War Expeditions with - Initially he captured the Chola country from the Pallava king Thanthivarman and subsequently the Thondai Mandalam the Pallava region from him.
Mainland Political Relations with -

(12) Parantaka Viranarayana Paandiyan (A.D.830-855) - Younger brother of (11)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to -
Over Seas Political Relations with -

(13) Maaravarman Rajasimha - 3 (A.D.855-946)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City - Kotkai
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to -
Over Seas Political Relations with -

(14) Veera Paandiyan -1 (A.D.946-966) - Son of (13)
Capital city - Mathurai
Sea-port City -
Mainland War Expeditions with -
Mainland Political Relations with -
Over Seas War Expeditions to -
Over Seas Political Relations with -

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